Memory Loss Related to Emotional Problems

According to Hubbard, Hutchison, Turner, Montroy, and Bowles (2015), memory loss and emotional problems are an area of interest among researchers in psychology. Although most people have associated memory loss to old age, it has come to the attention of researchers that even young people are experiencing memory losses. Among those things that cause this memory loss is mediation, substance abuse and emotional problems. In this study, emotional problems refer to disturbances that occur in the brain, including depression, stress, anxiety and anger. With these emotional problems being common among individuals, their contribution to perpetuating memory loss cannot be ignored. This topic, therefore, seeks to investigate how memory loss is connected to these emotional problems.To best understand this topic, a review of the research designs that have been used in the past will be reviewed in this paper. The study will, therefore, be guided by the question whether memory loss is related to emotional problems. The research hypothesis is that memory loss is related to emotional problems.

The Use of Observational Research Design

Observational research design has been used to successfully to study the effect of anxiety on cognition among older adult in-patients suffering from depression. The study allowed the researchers to observe depressed patients from the time they were brought into the hospital and admitted until they were discharged from the hospital. The observations on the patients were taken over a given period of time and used to determine the effect of anxiety on cognition among the selected group of patients in the study. Through this research design, the authors were able to formulate the research hypothesis. The researchers were able to answer their research question as well as establish the relationship between the two variables on anxiety and cognition among depressed senior patients(Martinussen, Benth, Borza, Selbæk, &Korsnes, 2019). An observational study refers to a research approach in which researchers choose to observe the effect of diagnostic test, risk factor or a treatment intervention without making any effort to alter anything about the participants. This type of research design is suitable since it allows the researcher to identify possible causes or effects without interfering with the variables of the study. This method of research can therefore be suitable to the memory loss related to emotional problems since it can help researchers to take an observatory role as participants take part in activities that expose their brain states over a given time. The study design is also suitable for health research hence appropriate for this research topic(Thiese, 2014).

The use of a Pretest-Posttest Research Design

Priyamvada, Ranjan, and Chaudhury(2015) study on Cognitive rehabilitation of attention and memory in depression is an example of research which used a pretest-posttest research design. In the study, the researchers sought to assess the efficacy of cognitive rehabilitation in depression in individuals who have cognitive dysfunction. In the study, participant patients were selected using a purposive sampling method. This study was conducted within a hospital setting where the pretest-posttest interventions and follow-ups to assess the patients was done.The pre-assessment of the patients was done before the cognitive rehabilitation intervention started on all the selected participants.After three months of the cognitive rehabilitation process, a post-assessment was carried out on the patients. This was meant to evaluate the results of the rehabilitation. The scores obtained from the beginning and at the end of the assessment period were then compared. From the study, the researchers were able to notice significant improvements in the patients cognitive after the rehabilitation hence established its applicability as an intervention. From this evidence, a pretest-posttest control group research design entails an experiment where groups are selected and subjected to different interventions for the purposes of comparing the outcome of the interventions from the beginning and after the intervention. This research design can be applied in studying memory loss related to emotional problems by comparing two groups, such as those living with dysphoria and those who are non-dysphoric. The comparison can be made after memory capacity is assessed among the selected participants from time to time to notice the difference. This study design can help answer the research question on whether memory loss is related to emotional problems.

The Use of Phenomenology Research Design

Tuffour, Simpson and Reynolds (2019) in the research on mental illness and recovery applied the phenomenological qualitative technique. In their study, the aim was to explore the recovery experiences of black African from mental illness and how these people conceptualize and understand the recovery. The researchers used a qualitative approach and interpretive analysis of the participants. In this study, twelve black African who were recovering from illness were subjected to semi-structured interviews. The researchers self-selected the participants in the study to ensure that would provide proper responses relating to the phenomenon being studied. From the study, the researchers established that recovery participants were conceptualized as a subjective and pragmatic concept that cuts across a range of functional, clinical, resilience, spiritual, cultural and social backgrounds. This research design was, therefore, suitable for the study since the researchers were able to achieve the study objective. A phenomenological research design is an approach that focuses on exploring the possibility of commonality within a selected group on lived experiences. As used in this study, the researchers are able to understand what the black African understand how recovery from mental illness entails. Similar to this research, the phenomenological approach can be applied in the memory loss related to emotional problems. This will entail selecting those who are eligible for the study and interviewing them. Individuals with emotional problems such as depression and stress can be selected and viewed with a view of determining how they are able to respond to common things they ought to be aware of in their life.

The Use of Explanatory Research Design

In their study, Alho, Rodrigues and Fidalgo (2019) used an explanatory research design to determine whether stress and anxiety have an impact on memory.Since very little has been studied on the relationship between these two phenomena, the researchers decided to employ different research designs with a view of accumulating any existing knowledge on the topic. The researchers resulted in using both non-experimental research techniques and experimental research. Descriptive techniques were used to analyze participant data in the study. The researchers also conducted an experiment aimed at measuring anxiety and stress scores of the participants and tested whether they were any positive or negative relationship with memory activity. The results of the study failed to establish any positive or negative connection between stress and anxiety and memory. This suggested that this was an area that required more research if a relationship was to be established. The explanatory research design is therefore suitable for topics that have little known about; hence the researcher is allowed to employ several approaches towards reaching the research objective. In the current research study, memory loss related to emotional problems seems to have been ignored; hence little is known about the relationship that exists between these variables. As a result, explanatory research design can help in developing a strong study that will test whether a relationship exists.

References

Alho, L., Rodrigues, P. F. S., &Fidalgo, C. (2019). Do Stress and Anxiety Impact Memory? An Exploratory Portuguese Study. Journal of Psychological Research, 1(3). doi: 10.30564/jpr.v1i3.894

Hubbard, N. A., Hutchison, J. L., Turner, M., Montroy, J., & Bowles, R. P. (2015). Depressive thoughts limit working memory capacity in dysphoria. Cognition and Emotion, 30(2), 193–209. doi: 10.1080/02699931.2014.991694

Martinussen, L. J., Benth, J. S., Borza, T., Selbæk, G., &Korsnes, M. S. (2019). The effect of anxiety on cognition in older adult inpatients with depression: results from a multicenter observational study. Heliyon, 5(8). doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e02235

Priyamvada, R., Ranjan, R., &Chaudhury, S. (2015). Cognitive rehabilitation of attention and memory in depression. Industrial psychiatry journal, 24(1), 48–53. https://doi.org/10.4103/0972-6748.160932

Thiese, M. S. (2014). Observational and interventional study design types; an overview. BiochemiaMedica, 24(2), 199–210. doi: 10.11613/bm.2014.022

Tuffour, I., Simpson, A., & Reynolds, L. (2019). Mental illness and recovery: an interpretative phenomenological analysis of the experiences of Black African service users in England. Journal of Research in Nursing, 24(1-2), 104–118. doi: 10.1177/1744987118819667

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Is memory loss is related to emotional problems. ?