Capstone Project Change Proposal
Background
The health care organization had been facing several challenges with regard to the quality of healthcare being provided and the outcomes of patients in the healthcare organization. As such, research was carried out to establish the various problems the organization was experiencing that affected the organization in such a manner. It was realized that the cases of the flu virus during flu season in children under the age of five had significantly increased. The records showed an increase in the number of patients gradually year after year. It was then discovered that despite the availability of the flu vaccine, only a few patients showed up for the flu vaccination as was supposed to. Most of the parents with children under the age of five either ignored the flu vaccination because it had not been stated by the health care providers that it was compulsory, or were not aware of the existence of the flu vaccine. As such, the organization’s leaders decided to present a proposal to carry out an evidence-based change practice, which entails flu vaccination education for parents with children under the age of five years. This is because it had been established that during flu season, children under the age of five suffered the highest risk of acquiring the flu/influenza virus. The proposal was accepted, leading to the implementation of the flu vaccination education program for parents with children under the age of five.
Clinical problem statement
Although the flu vaccination education program got established. It faced several challenges in achieving its goal of achieving quality care and positive outcomes when it came to patients. Some of the parents were adamant in providing their consent for their children to be vaccinated. They had different reasons, including cultural and religious beliefs, while others simply failed to show up for the flu vaccination. The organization expanded the program to schools so that they can be able to reach a wide variety of children from both rural and urban populations. Still, not every parent cooperated with the health care providers in accepting the flu vaccination. Their best efforts did not convince the maximum number of the targeted population. However, there was a significant improvement in the number of patients taking the vaccination as compared to how it was before the program got implemented. This paper will examine how the flu vaccination education program has impacted the quality of health care and patient outcomes in the organization.
Purpose of the change proposal in relation to providing patient care in the changing health care system
The purpose of the change proposal was to improve the quality of care by reducing the cases of the flu virus, especially during the flu season. This would be achieved by convincing the target population to undertake flu vaccination to protect them from the virus. This vaccine would minimize or completely eliminate the risks of children under the age of five from contracting the virus and, as such, improve the quality of care. This proposal would eventually change the system of health care by improving the outcomes of patients and creating awareness as to how the parents can protect themselves from the flu virus. Also, congestion in hospitals that probably used to happen during the flu season will not be as bad anymore as the number of flu cases will have reduced.
PICOT question
The PICOT question entails the question of the population that is targeted; in this case, children under the age of five; this is because the children have immunes systems that are weaker compared to adults. As such, the vaccine is necessary to reduce the likelihood of getting the virus (Rofles et al., 2018). The intervention which is how the use of the influenza vaccine affects healthcare, comparison which entails comparing the effects of using to not using the vaccine, outcome which is how the use of the vaccine affects the risk of developing the flu and time which is during flu season, which is during the winter season. However, health care providers need to administer the vaccine before winter in order to test how effective the vaccine is.
Literature search strategy employed
The search strategy used was analytical searching, which entails the search and analysis of peer-reviewed articles that are relevant to the topic of research and understanding the writer’s opinions about the subject matter.
Evaluation of the literature
The evaluation of literature for the capstone project was carried out using a literature evaluation table in which the specific details of each of the articles used were provided including the titles and link to access them, the questions for the research, the study purpose, settings, methods, analysis, findings, and recommendations and explanations of how the articles support the EBP Capstone Project.
Applicable change or nursing theory utilized
The nursing theory that got used was the self-care nursing theory in which the nurses got to educate the parents on how to be responsible for the health of their children by having them get vaccinated. Through this, the nurses provided the knowledge, through the flu vaccination education program, of the problem in health care affecting the children under the age of five. They then explained to them the effects of failure to undertake the vaccine. Eventually, the parents have to use this information provided to them to make a decision that is best for the welfare of their children.
Proposed implementation plan with outcome measures
The plan that was proposed for the implementation of the EBP program was to hold a conference for the education of parents of the target population on the importance of flu vaccination. The resources that would then be used for the process of education included podcasts and videos, images and infographics, microsites and syndication, among other resources that were essential in making the parents understand how critical flu vaccination is to the health of their children(Mills et al., 2016). After which the outcomes of patients establishing the number of children that were taken for the flu vaccination will be measured by analyzing the records and comparing the health outcomes after the implementation of the program with the outcomes before.
Discussion of how evidence-based practice was used in creating the intervention plan
EBP was used by carrying out a study to establish the reason for the increased cases of flu/influenza virus in children under the age of five. This study provides evidence that the number of flu virus cases is high, and the reason, therefore, gets discovered when the records indicate that very few children under the age of five were taking the vaccination. This evidence then gets used to establish a possible solution which is educating parents of children under the age of five on the importance of flu vaccination. Thus, the intervention plan, flu vaccination education.
Plan for evaluating the proposed nursing intervention
The plan for evaluating the proposed intervention was through a comparison of the outcomes of patients and quality of care after the intervention has been implemented as compared to how it was before the plan was proposed and implemented. The differences can be determined by analysis of the records for vaccination that will provide all the information on the patients who got vaccinated before and those that got vaccinated after the intervention was implemented(Øvretveit, 2020). A comparison of the numbers will provide clear proof of whether the intervention was a success or not.
Identification of potential barriers to plan implementation, and a discussion of how these could be overcome
Some of the potential barriers to the implementation of the plan include attitudes of parents towards the flu vaccination, which would make some of them refuse to have their children vaccinated due to their cultural beliefs(Kang et al., 2017). Also,the belief that seasonal influenza is not a disease that is serious and that it doesn’t infect people who are healthy and young, some people believe that the vaccine for influenza is not effective and that it leads to other illnesses(Meyer & Lum, 2017). These barriers can be overcome by providing sufficient education countrywide on the deadly effects of the flu virus and why the vaccine is important. Also, the people can be educated on how the components of the vaccine and how it works so that they can understand that they are safer with the vaccine than without. The education on the flu virus and vaccination can be made available in schools, hospitals community centers and made available in social media networks so that it can be accessible to a majority of people in the country to change the wrong perceptions.
References
Kang, G. J., Culp, R. K., & Abbas, K. M. (2017). Facilitators and barriers of parental attitudes and beliefs toward school-located influenza vaccination in the United States: a systematic review. Vaccine, 35(16), 1987-1995. Epub 2017 18th Mar.
Meyer, S. B., & Lum, R. (2017). Explanations for not receiving the seasonal influenza vaccine: an Ontario Canada based survey. Journal of health communication, 22(6), 506-514.
Mills, S. D., Charlton, S. R., & Rowley, B. M. (2016). Evaluation of Education and Other Influential Factors on the Perceptions of Influenza Vaccinations. Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science, 70(1), 167-172.
Øvretveit, J. (2020). Action evaluation of health programs and changes: a handbook for a user-focused approach. CRC Press.
Rolfes, M. A., Foppa, I. M., Garg, S., Flannery, B., Brammer, L., Singleton, J. A., …& Reed, C. (2018). Annual estimates of the burden of seasonal influenza in the United States: a tool for strengthening influenza surveillance and preparedness. Influenza and other respiratory viruses, 12(1), 132-137.
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