Expectancy theory has a strong connection to the ethical approach in an organization. Business ethics is about making the right decisions that are morally good. Although morality is relative, there are common business practices that are widely embraced and recognized internationally. For instance, providing employees a safe working environment, paying them well, and supporting the community are positive business practices. Arita et al. (2021) note that although business ethics is largely achieved through the effort of the management, some unethical practices such as defrauding investors or providing misleading information to the customers are enforceable under the law. Ethical practices are good in business because it promotes a good relationship between the business and the stakeholders. Arita et al. (2021) note that business ethics enhances customer loyalty, and enhances the overall performance of a business. Based on this understanding, the expectancy theory of motivation has both legal and ethical backing.
Expectancy theory as the name states is based on the idea that doing good yields a positive outcome. The concept of the theory is that there is a reward, and a goal, and the employees are under the control of the entire success process. Employees work hard to bypass the targets put in place by the organization with the vision of achieving the intended reward. In pushing for ethical practices in the organization, the managers are required to continuously support and encourage the employees to uphold ethical practices. Mea & Sims (2019) argue that the management should promise employees various rewards including acknowledgment for their positive practices. The management can put in place laws to guide the employees on how to make ethical decisions. The process involved in the working process can be achieved by forming and powerful organizational culture.
The expectation of the employees, customers, and other stakeholders in an organization can be predetermined through its culture. Organizational culture serves a critical role in guiding the employees on how they should relate to and engage with other stakeholders. The management can establish a strong culture by setting a code of conduct that can guide the employees on how to . Based on expectancy theory, employees are motivated to make sound decisions based on the reward system put in place by the organization. An organizational culture is a strong tool for socializing, especially for new hires (Lloyd & Mertens, 2018). Organizational culture is the root of all the practices and decisions made by employees in an organization. When the culture supports unethical practices such as discrimination, fraud, and bribery, among other vices, newly hired employees are prone to fall into the same temptations. In this regard, to set the right precedence, the management should establish rules and regulations and also lead by example. . (2018) note that managers can form a team of employees to help influence others to align with the code of conduct of the organization. The expectation exhibited in the culture create can influence the perception of the stakeholders.
Making ethical decisions in an organization is influenced by the fact that employees will engage in a given action when they are expected to do so, able and with the right support. Therefore, an ethical approach in the decision-making process can be termed as indoctrination of the employees by the management. The management should constantly inform the employees of the need to embrace ethical decisions and its implication for the organization. Grigoropoulos (2019) notes that employees should be in a position to buy into the vision created by the management. Although having internal control measures such as a code of conduct and whistleblower policies can help to reduce unethical decisions, the right approach is to individualize and make employees understand the reward they will get from their actions. For instance, the management can explain the financial success of the business, employee promotions, and pay rise, among other benefits. In expectancy theory, the employees are required to own the change by promising them an individual reward.
Expectancy theory of motivation advocates for the effort that is directly translated to a positive outcome. . (2019) note managers should show their employees the right approach for making sound decisions on sensitive issues such as discrimination and treatment of women. The effort exhibited by employees when conducting their duties is influenced by their level of instrumentality. Instrumentality is the measure of the return that will come out of a given action. Expectancy theory can be the basis of ethical behavior, although it cannot be directly evaluated. For instance, employees that work hard to boost performance can be promised to get on the performance of the company.
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