Social disorganization theory
Definition
Shaw and McKay researched in Chicago in 1942, which resulted in the origin of social disorganization theory. The planning of urban centers, as well as setups, facilitated humans to settle in large numbers without being afraid of naturalcalamities (Sampson., 2017). Social disorganization theory forms the basis of juvenile offenses, which is a result of the disintegration of institutions. Generally, the method relates to crime with the surrounding of an individual, which comprises a residential area, age as well as race.
What does the theory believe causes juvenile problems?
Family structures and processesare one of the significant causes of violence and crime among juveniles. The stability of the family from where these youths are raised leads to traditional disorganization (Sampson., 2017). Family being the foundation of each individual, guardianship is key concerning social growth. Additionally, if the family provides capable parenting and custody to their children, negative behavioral change is experienced.
In the marriage system, factors which contribute to social disorganization among the juveniles include divorce and separation of parents, which isolates the child. Delinquency among youths based on family processes can be influenced in different ways, which include parental discipline to their children and the type of control administered (Bellair., 2017). Additionally, family embeddedness is the core of social disorganization theory. Family processes that directly involve community networks cause juvenile problems from the primary factors to the more complex ones. Fundamental considerations include child labor and abuse as well as supervision, counseling, and monitoring the teens. Children’s care under social disorganization, directly and indirectly, influences the level of crimes among juveniles.
Neighborhood processes are also believed to cause juvenile crimes where they are implicated in mediating between the theory and crime problems. Research carried out by Sampson and Groves to the United states crimes survey, indicated that informal mechanisms are the main factors entailed in the neighborhood process (Bellair., 2017). These processes involved a relationship between peers of a specific locality, which eventually resulted in pressure as well as friendship interactions and networks.
Activities involved in the neighborhood that are seen to cause juvenile crimes and violence are, high poverty level, ethnicity, race discrimination, as well as residential mobility. Consequently, intervening variables in the society comprise of robbery and victimization of the minority groups (Bellair., 2017). In a close examination of neighborhood processes, it is evident that the current status of an individual leads to the crime were the commonly affected are the juveniles who tries to fit in the society. Culturaldiversitycauses juveniles to associate themselves with one another where they have more bargainingpower as a group, and these push them to air their grievances negatively, thus violence.
What measures can I take to alleviate juvenile problems?
Juvenile problems in social disorganization theory can be effectively reduced by concentrating and allocating more funds to underdeveloped areas, as well as the more impoverished ones. This will help in improving the social status of a specific location, providing young people with better living conditions, and keeping them more engaged in meaningful activities. Allocating more funds to these areas does not imply overspending as it should be but suggests that it should be done by those willing to help as well as those with species ties with the natives of the area to be promoted (Sampson., 2017). This initiative effectively strengthens the minority groups and these help in the creation of new agencies within the previously poor localities.
Funding for programs focusing on family preservation will help cope up with problems arising from the juveniles. Family is the primary social organization group, has a big chance tohelp in resisting the deleterious effects originating from children. Working together with families may also be efficient in reducing juvenile activities in the entire neighborhood (Kubrin. et al. 2017). Additionally, these family pregame have a short life span, which proves to be efficient with time, and in some cases, they come up with beneficial ideas to the community, which helps the affected juvenile individuals. Such activities include job creation, which makes young people be more positively engaged, stabilizing their financial status.
The creation of neighborhood-based bureaucracies is another useful measure in dealing with juvenileproblemsfounding social disorganization theory. These lead to these large bureaucracies accommodate a large number of people they serve, reaching out to their neighborhood. These methodsprove to be useful since no external influence, as well as forces, are imposed o the local residents of a specific locality (Kubrin. et al. 2017). When a foreign bureaucracyis to be involved, they should work closely or even together with the networks at the community level, which work voluntarily.
Effective counseling programs to the affected youths. Youth violence is effectively predicted and clearly outline in social disorganization theory. These provide for a better understanding of the causative factors that influenced the juveniles to cause problems as thus more comfortable to help them (Kubrin. et al. 2017). Youth violence results to further damage if not dealt with, and the effective way to deal with it is ensuring no individual who was initially involved in causing community problems to go back to their primary form of living.
The above-mentioned measures can prove to be effective if only all the involved parties work in harmony. Social disorganization theory is a phenomenon that is related to juvenile problems making it a common issue affecting a given community at large. Additionally, a researcher involved in young problem study should carefully consider the relationship between the social and economic deprivation when stating the origin and causative factors of juvenile violen
References
Bellair, P. (2017). Social disorganization theory. In Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Criminology and Criminal Justice.
Kubrin, C. E., & Mioduszewski, M. D. (2019). Social Disorganization Theory: Past, Present, and Future. In Handbook on Crime and Deviance (pp. 197-211). Springer, Cham.
Sampson, R. J. (2017). Family management and child development: Insights from social disorganization theory. In Facts, frameworks, and forecasts (pp. 63-94). Routledge.
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